SOUND PROPAGATION

TYPE OF WAVES

A wave is defined as the transfer of energy from one point to another. There are two large, all encompassing categories of waves: mechanical and non-mechanical.

Mechanical waves require a medium for the transfer of energy to occur. For example, water waves are mechanical. Tsunami waves released after an earthquake transfer the energy of the quake to distant shorelines. Sound waves are another type of mechanical wave. They are compression waves that have a frequency between 20-20000 hertz and travel at an speed of approximately 340 m/sec at room temperature. Different substances carry compression waves at various speeds; metals carry it faster than water which transfers it faster than air. As a mechanical wave travels through a medium, it loses energy to the medium. The molecules in the medium are forced to vibrate back and forth, generating heat. Consequently, the wave can only propagate through a limited distance. When this event happens, we say that the wave has been damped. Damping can be observed by the fact that the wave's amplitude has decreased.

Non-mechanical waves do not require a medium for the transfer of energy to occur. The only type of non-mechanical waves are electromagnetic in nature. They can travel through the vacuum of space. Light from distant stars travel hundreds of thousands of millions of years to reach us. Although the electromagnetic radiation spans a large spectrum of wavelengths and frequencies, all electromagnetic radiation travels through a vacuum at 3 x 108 m/sec.

MECHANICAL WAVES

A wave pulse is a disturbance that moves through a medium.

A periodic wave is a periodic disturbance that moves through a medium. The medium itself goes nowhere. The individual atoms and molecules in the medium oscillate about their equilibrium position, but their average position does not change. As they interact with their neighbors, they transfer some of their energy to them. The neighboring atoms in turn transfer this energy to their neighbors down the line. In this way the energy is transported throughout the medium, without the transport of any matter.

MECHANICAL PUMP

Hydraulic ram water pumps use downhill water pressure to pump water much higher than it started, with no other power needed. A 20ft fall is enough to push water 150 feet above the source or more. Or as little as a 2ft fall between the water source and the pump at a flow rate of 1 to 3 gallons per minute is enough to pump water 20ft higher than the source -- as much as 4,000 gallons a day.

WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY

This is a mechanical workshop. Different kinds of machines are available there. like milling machine, lathe machine, shaper machine, grinding machine. which are used for different purposes like turning, milling, shapping, material removing, finishing etc....

Design & Conversion of Gasoline Vehicle to CNG Electric Hybrid Vehicle

Supervisor: Col (R).Hamid Nawaz
Project Team: Jalal Zafar, Shahzad Saleem, Abid Imtiaz, Abu Sufyan

Objective

We intend to evaluate minimal travelling cost by designing and fabricating a CNG Electric Hybrid Vehicle. The vision behind this project is to cut the increasing fuel cost and Green house effect.

Main Description

The project is divided to attain two main objectives,

• Design and Fabrication of Electrical Hybrid Vehicle
• Performance evaluation

Series Hybrid

 

Parallel Hybrid

  

 

MECHANICAL VENTILATION

In architecture and climate control, mechanical or forced ventilation is the use of powered equipment, e.g. fans and blowers, to move air.

MECHANICAL HORSE

it is a mechanical horse.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

Important Terms:

An elasticity
Ductility
Elastic deformation
Elastic recovery
Engineering strain
Engineering stress
Hardness
Modulus of elasticity
Plastic deformation
Poisson’s ratio
Proportional limit
Shear
Tensile strength
Toughness
Yielding
Yield strength

HOW WIND POWER WORKS

wind is the most important thing in the universe which can be utilize to produce power. this figure shows that how can the power can be produced by using wind energy.
it is the renewable form of the energy. and it is also environment friendly.

TURBINE INTRODUCTION

Turbine:
A turbine is a rotary engine that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work.
The simplest turbines have one moving part, a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades, or the blades react to the flow, so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor. Early turbine examples are windmills and water wheels.
Gas, steam, and water turbines usually have a casing around the blades that contains and controls the working fluid.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DRAWING

There are a number of drawing types associated with the mechanical engineering design process.


A list of the Drawing Types covered by these notes is provided below


1. General Arrangement Drawings
2. Arrangement Drawings
3. Assembly Drawings
4. Detail Drawings
5. Fabrication Drawings

 more detail here

Mechanical Engineer Salaries

Like most careers, the range in pay for mechanical engineers varies widely. Your pay will be determined by your level of education and experience.

But other factors will also play a role. These include location and the type of employment you seek. Typically, mechanical engineers in government or private sectors earn the most.

The average salary for an engineer was reported at just slightly over $65,000 in 2002. The top 10% of all engineers earned more than $90,000.

Mechanical engineers out of college typically earn a starting salary of $40,000+. This is in comparison to the typical starting salary of $32,000 for the liberal arts major just out of college. Mechanical engineers usually start out at a higher salary than business majors as well.

Remember, these are just estimates. Your salary will depend on a number of factors as well as the current state of the economy.

INDUSTRIAL PROCESS

Mechanical Engineering Career Center

A mechanical engineer is concerned with the design, planning and development of machines and equipment ranging from jet engines to minute instruments used in medicine and surgery.

One of the advantages of selecting mechanical engineering as your specialty is that it is a fairly general and all-purpose engineering degree. That means you will be able to gain employment at many different companies across the nation. Your chances of finding employment as a mechanical engineer are high due to the nature of the work and the fact that it encompasses so much. However, you will need to gain a bachelor's degree or associates in mechanical engineering from an accredited college or university in order to have the best chances of gaining employment in this field.

If you enjoy trying to solve complex problems, working with your hands as well as spending the day dreaming up solutions, then a career in mechanical engineering may be for you.

BEST ENGINEERING

Mechanical engineering is the best engineering and it is also very interesting. Man plays with machines in this engineering

Mechanical Engineering is the Best Engineering
Mechanical engineering is an engineering discipline that applies the principles of physics and materials science for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It is the branch of engineering that involves the production and usage of heat and mechanical power for the design, production, and operation of machines and tools. It is one of the oldest and broadest engineering discipline.

The Field Requires A Solid Understanding Of Core Concepts Including Mechanics, Kinematics, Thermodynamics, Materials Science, And Structural Analysis. Mechanical Engineers Use These Core Principles Along With Tools Like Computer-Aided Engineering And Product Lifecycle Management To Design And Analyze Manufacturing Plants, Industrial Equipment And Machinery, Heating And Cooling Systems, Motor Vehicles, Aircraft, Watercraft, Robotics, Medical Devices And More.

Their are lots of institutes in the world for this engineering. Having 3years diploma of associate engineering and BSc mechanical engineering. You can specialize in any mechanical field after doing BSc mechanical engineering.

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•  Top universities of UK for Mechanical engineering
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• 1     Imperial College
• 2     Bath
• 3     Southampton
• 4     Bristol
• 5     Liverpool
• 6     Nottingham
• 7     Sheffield
• 8     Cardiff
• 9     Queens, Belfast
• 10   Strathclyde
• 11   Leeds
• 12   Loughborough
• 13   Newcastle
• 14   Aberdeen
• 15   Manchester
• 16   Heriot-Watt
• 17   Surrey
• 18   University College London
• 19   Hull
• 20   Birmingham
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